LONDON, England (AFP) — The hard work started last Wednesday for Britain’s new Prime Minister David Cameron — and while some observers hailed his skill in forging an unlikely coalition, others forecast a new election within months.

Cameron’s Conservative Party and Nick Clegg’s centrist Liberal Democrats formed Britain’s first coalition government since World War II after five days of negotiations.

As well as cutting Britain’s huge budget deficit, other items near the top of Cameron’s daunting Downing Street in-tray include the Afghanistan war and a referendum on electoral reform.

Cameron and his deputy Clegg pledged to work hand in glove at their first joint press conference, with Clegg saying they were “united by a common purpose” while admitting they faced “big risks”.

The first few months of the new coalition will be crucial, politics expert Robin Pettitt of Kingston University in London said.

“If they are able to get through the first six months then trust between the leaders will build up and the backbenchers will get used to it,” he told AFP. “The longer they can go with co-operation, the stronger the trust will be”.

Early splits could come on the economy, the key general election battleground.

Britain’s deficit stands at £163.4 billion (US$240 billion/190 billion euros), or 11.6 per cent of gross domestic product — the highest level on record.

It emerged from its worst recession on record at the end of last year, and some experts fear a possible double-dip back into the red if there is not firm economic leadership.

The new Government is to hold an emergency budget within 50 days and will impose cuts of £6 billion in 2010-11, it announced in a coalition accord.

Experts predict this will only be the start of belt-tightening which will go against some Lib Dems’ gut instincts.

“A series of grinding budgets will be necessary,” the Financial Times said in an editorial. “That will stretch their new-found amity to the very limit.”

The bleak economic legacy could also damage both parties’ future popularity.

Bank of England governor Mervyn King reportedly warned last month that the necessary austerity measures will be so tough that they will keep whoever implements them out of power for a generation.

Another potential stumbling block could be a referendum on electoral reform which the Conservatives offered the Lib Dems to woo them into government.

The Tories are set to campaign against a change from first-past-the-post to the alternative vote system which the Lib Dems will support.

“One of the things we don’t know yet and will be crucial is the referendum,” Professor John Curtice of Strathclyde University told AFP.

“If it were to be held sooner rather than later and lost, some of the glue between the two parties would be lost.”

The new Government is also creating a US-style National Security Council to manage the war in Afghanistan, on which the Conservatives have sounded more hawkish than the Lib Dems.

Amid signs of resistance from both party’s backbenchers to the deal, the Government also wants five-year fixed-term parliaments as a way of “locking this coalition together”, Foreign Secretary William Hague said.

Liberal Democrat lawmakers will also be allowed to abstain from voting on a limited number of measures that the Government will bring forward but they may not be happy with.

“Of course, there will be people in both parties who quietly wish it hadn’t happened,” Hague told BBC radio. “In order to make a coalition work, on a small number of issues… we will resolve them in that way.”

Experts say the new administration has a fair chance of survival but there may be choppy waters ahead.

“It’s not going to be easy and I think both parties are going to have to manage their backbenchers,” Pettitt said. “There may be trouble but it’s looking reasonably stable”.

But Bookmakers William Hill said many voters were already laying money on a fresh election by the end of the year. They have slashed their odds on this from 7/4 to 11/8.

“Punters believe that a coalition means trouble and that another general election is likely sooner rather than later,” said spokesman Graham Sharpe.