PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti (AP) — Hundreds of protesters who blame UN peacekeepers from Nepal for Haiti’s widening cholera epidemic marched on a rural military base yesterday to demand the soldiers leave the country.

Demonstrators waving tree branches and carrying anti-UN banners walked from the central plateau city of Mirebalais several miles to the gates of the base perched above a tributary of the Artibonite River — a waterway identified by health officials as a conduit for the infection.

The protesters chanted “Like it or not, they must go” as the Nepalese soldiers and other UN peacekeepers remained inside.

Cholera has sparked widespread fear in Haiti, where it was unknown before the outbreak was first noticed by authorities October 20. As of Friday morning, more than 4,700 people have been hospitalised and at least 330 have died, according to the UN Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs.

There has been no scientific conclusion on the origin of the epidemic, which became evident when dozens of patients began dying with high fevers and watery diarrhea at a hospital in the town of St Marc a few miles from the last stretch of the river.

Experts say the disease was likely imported. Until this month there had not been a diagnosed case of cholera in Haiti as far back as records go in the mid-20th Century, said Claire-Lise Chaignat, head of the global task force on cholera control at the World Health Organisation. The disease is pandemic in parts of Africa and Asia.

Speculation among Haitians is increasingly centered on the Nepalese peacekeeping base near Mirebalais, much of it being stoked by politicians including the town’s mayor — a Senate candidate — ahead of the November 28 national elections.

Cholera is endemic in Nepal and the country suffered outbreaks this summer. The current troop contingent arrived in shifts starting October 9, after the outbreak in their home country and shortly before the disease broke out in Haiti. Cases have been concentrated downriver along the Artibonite.

The UN mission in Haiti responded to the rumors with a statement Tuesday saying that sanitation around the base was in line with the standards set by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the United Nations.

But when Associated Press journalists visited Wednesday, they found open and cracked pipes behind the base, with UN military investigators taking samples. There was an overpowering smell of human waste, and a pipe leading toward a septic tank was leaking foul-smelling black fluid toward the river.

The waste is dumped across the street in open pits that residents, who live a few yards away, said often overflow into the Artibonite tributary running below. The contractor, Sanco Enterprises SA, says the pits are sprayed with bleach.

The UN mission says no cases of cholera have been found among the Nepalese soldiers, but it is not clear if, how or when testing was carried out. The US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention says people are often infected with the disease without showing symptoms.

The spokesman for the UN mission did not respond yesterday to requests for further comment.

Yesterday, protesters called on the Haitian government to kick out the Nepalese soldiers.

“The Nepalese brought this disease to the centre of Mirebalais,” said Ernst Exilume, a 25-year-old student. “We have no water to drink. We have no choice but to drink the water from the river.”

International aid groups had made hygiene and the control of disease priorities after the January 12 earthquake, especially as millions of Haitians found themselves homeless and living in tarp and tent settlements around the capital. Throughout the year banners imploring people to wash their hands have hung over streets and on walls.

Scientists from the CDC are retesting samples to determine the nature of the cholera strain at a molecular level, which could help pinpoint its origin, and hope to have results to share with Haiti’s Ministry of Health sometime over the weekend, CDC spokesman Tom Skinner told the AP.

Tests can indicate the areas of the world where this cholera strain has been found, but the results may not reveal its national origin or how it got to Haiti, he said.

The US agency is not specifically investigating in the area of the base or taking environmental samples, another CDC spokesman, David Daigle, said.

“For sure it is going to be important to know where the germ came from. I don’t know if we are going to get an answer,” Chaignat, the WHO official, said.