RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil (AFP) — Brazilian police on Tuesday fired tear gas at protesters who blocked major highways for a second day over the election loss of President Jair Bolsonaro, who has yet to concede defeat.

Thirty-six hours after official results showed he had lost Sunday’s presidential run-off with only 1.8 percentage points, Bolsonaro has yet to speak, fanning concerns he may try and challenge the result after months of attacking the electoral system as fraudulent.

In Novo Hamburgo, near the southern city of Porto Alegre, police fired tear gas to break up a protest, according to an AFP photographer.

The executive director of the Federal Highway Police (PRF), Marco Antonio Territo de Barros, told a press conference in the capital Brasilia that there were 267 road blockages underway across the country and that 306 had already been dispersed since Sunday.

“It’s a complex operation, involving more than 75,000 kilometres (46,500 miles) of federal highways,” he said.

Protesters wearing the yellow and green of the Brazilian flag, which the outgoing president has adopted as his own, expressed unhappiness with the outcome of the election.

“We will not accept losing what we have gained, we want what is written on our flag, ‘order and progress.’ We will not accept the situation as it is,” Antoniel Almeida, 45, told AFP at a protest in Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro.

In Sao Paulo, protester Jeremias Costa said he was “waiting anxiously” for Bolsonaro to appear “for Brazil, for democracy”.

On Monday night, Judge Alexander de Moraes of the Supreme Court ordered police to disperse the blockades immediately. He was acting in response to a request by a transport federation that complained it was losing business.

The mounting tension follows a dirty and divisive election campaign between the hard-line conservative Bolsonaro and his nemesis Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, who returns to office in a dramatic comeback.

Brazil’s president between 2003 and 2010, Lula crashed into disgrace in a corruption scandal that landed him in jail before his conviction was thrown out due to bias from the lead judge. However, he was not exonerated.

The election outcome showed just how polarised the country is between the two very different leaders.

Lula scored 50.9 per cent to Bolsonaro’s 49.1 per cent — the narrowest margin in Brazil’s modern history.

With a massive to-do list, Lula leaped into action, meeting Argentine President Alberto Fernandez in Sao Paulo and holding a series of phone calls with US President Joe Biden, France’s Emmanuel Macron, Germany’s Olaf Scholz, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres and others.

However, Bolsonaro’s silence after months of alleging fraud in the electoral system and a conspiracy against him had the country on a knife edge.

“Any place else in the world, the defeated president would have called me to recognise his defeat,” Lula said in his victory speech to a euphoric sea of red-clad supporters in Sao Paulo on Sunday night.

There are fears Bolsonaro, 67, could attempt a Brazilian version of the US Capitol riots, which rocked that country after his political role model, former US President Donald Trump, refused to accept his election defeat in 2020.

But the Brazilian leader may find himself isolated.

Some key Bolsonaro allies have publicly recognised his loss, including the powerful speaker of the lower house of Congress, Arthur Lira.

And international congratulations for Lula poured in from the United States, China, India, France, Britain, South Africa, and numerous others.

Lula acknowledged the “immense” challenges facing his government when he is sworn in on January 1, citing a hunger crisis, the economy, bitter political division and deforestation in the Amazon.

He is likely to face a hostile Congress packed with allies of Bolsonaro.

“Lula will have to show a lot of political skill to pacify the country,” said political scientist Leandro Consentino of Insper university in Sao Paulo.

Bolsonaro became the first incumbent president in Brazil not to win re-election in the post-dictatorship era after a four-year term in which he came under fire for his disastrous handling of the novel coronavirus pandemic, which left more than 680,000 dead in Brazil.

He also drew criticism for his vitriolic comments, polarising style and attacks on democratic institutions and foreign allies.

Lula’s victory has been hailed by environmentalists and governments hoping he will make halting Amazon destruction a key priority.