Today is the 345th day of 2013. There are 20 days left in the year.

TODAY’S HIGHLIGHT

2008: Former NASDAQ stock market Chairman Bernard L Madoff is arrested on a securities fraud charge, accused of running a phony investment business that cost clients billions of dollars.

OTHER EVENTS

1769: King Prithpi Narayan Shad creates a united nation of Nepal by capturing the last of its 24 states.

1792: France’s King Louis XVI faces charges of treason. He is convicted, and executed the following month.

1872: Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback becomes America’s first black governor in Louisiana.

1878: French-British dual control in Egypt is suspended.

1888: The French Panama Canal company fails.

1936: George VI becomes King of England following abdication of Edward VIII.

1937: Italy withdraws from the League of Nations.

1941: United States declares war against Germany and Italy in World War II.

1946: The UN International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) is established.

1972: US Apollo 17 astronauts land on the moon and begin an extensive exploration of the lunar surface.

1981: The UN Security Council chooses Javier Perez de Cuellar of Peru to be the fifth secretary-general of the world body.

1989: Celebrations replace threatened general strike in Czechoslovakia as hard-line communist President Gustav Husak is driven from office.

1991: Leaders of 12 European Community nations agree to establish loose federation with common foreign policy and single currency by 1999, laying the groundwork for the European Union.

1996: Shipping tycoon Tung Chee-hwa is elected the first post-colonial leader of Hong Kong.

1997: Hours before US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright arrives in Rwanda, Hutu rebels attack a village with guns, grenades and machetes, killing at least 231.

2001: A US federal grand jury indicts Zacarias Moussaoui, a French citizen of Moroccan descent, for conspiracy in the September 11 terrorist attacks, the first indictment directly related to the attacks.

2003: A presidential panel concludes that France should outlaw Islamic head scarves in public schools to halt the burgeoning influence of Islamic fundamentalism and save the secular values that guide modern-day France. It also recommends a ban on other conspicuous religious symbols, such as Jewish skullcaps and large Christian crosses.

2004: Ukrainian presidential candidate Viktor Yushchenko was poisoned with dioxin, doctors say, adding that the highly toxic chemical could have been put in the opposition leader’s soup, producing the severe disfigurement and partial paralysis of his face. Yushchenko claimed that he was poisoned by Ukrainian authorities, who denied the charges.

2006: Thousands of mourners in Chile honour General Augusto Pinochet, with many weeping openly in a military ceremony that exposes deep divisions over the legacy of his 17-year dictatorship.

2007: Two truck bombs shear off the fronts of UN offices and a government building in Algeria’s capital, killing at least 31 people and wounding nearly 200 in an attack claimed by al-Qaeda in Islamic North Africa.

2009: Wealthy nations would commit to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the next decade, and the world should strive to nearly eliminate them — or at least cut them in half — by 2050 under a draft agreement circulating at the UN climate talks.

2011: Former military strongman Manuel Antonio Noriega is flown home to Panama to be punished once again for crimes he committed during a career that saw him transformed from a close Cold War ally of Washington to the vilified target of a US invasion.

2012: US authorities cite “astonishing” dysfunction at the British bank HSBC and says it has helped Mexican drug traffickers, Iran, Libya and others under US suspicion or sanction to move money around the world.

TODAY’S BIRTHDAYS

Hector Berlioz, French composer (1803-1869); Alfred de Musset, French author (1810-1857); Fiorello H LaGuardia, New York City mayor (1882-1947); Carlos Gardel, Argentine tango singer (1887-1935); Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian writer and Nobel laureate (1911-2007); Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Russian writer and Nobel laureate (1918-2008); Rita Moreno, Puerto Rican actress (1931-)

— AP