COLIC is a self-limited condition manifested by excessive crying, usually occuring in the evening. The crying usually lasts at least three hours, more than three days of the week and continues for at least three weeks. It affects breastfed and formula-fed infants equally.

It affects male and female infants equally, and is commonly seen in infants between two weeks old and three months old.

The cause of colic is not known; however, it has been associated with swallowing air, increased intestinal gas, milk protein allergy, incomplete burping after feeding, and parental anxiety.

It has also been found that infants of mothers who smoke are more likely to have colic. Excessive crying related to colic can be very frustrating for parents, but they should take comfort in that it is benign and will be resolved by three to four months.

Infants usually present with a high-pitched, fussy cry, legs curled up, and fists clenched during these episodes. Some mothers describe the infant during this phase to be griping and appears to feel some discomfort. However, these infants are usually healthy, feeding and growing well.

It is very important that parents comfort the infants during these episodes. Cuddling and playing soothing music is always good. Doing these comfort measures will not “spoil” the infant. Changing position might also be helpful; for example, walking the baby or sitting in a rocking chair. Burping every five to 10 minutes during feeds can assist with discomfort associated with excessive air swallowing.

Do not overfeed babies. Ensure to look for any other reasons for crying; for example, hunger or wet diapers. If the infant has fever, excessive vomiting, diarrhoea, decreased appetite, appears to be losing weight, displays decreased activity, is not comforted when handled, or if there is any doubt, seek medical attention.

Dr Michelle Williams is a paediatrician. She may be contacted at dr.michelle.williams2014 @gmail.com.