WASHINGTON, USA — AMERICANS, Japanese and many Europeans aren’t sold on the benefits of trade. They doubt that global economic ties create jobs or raise wages, an international survey conducted by the Pew Research Center shows.

But people in China and other low- and middle-income countries are far more convinced that trade delivers jobs and higher wages, Pew said yesterday in releasing the results of its survey of 48,643 people in 44 countries.

The centre found that 50 per cent of Americans say trade destroys jobs, while just 20 per cent say it creates them. Only Italians — 59 per cent of whom see trade as a job killer — have a more negative view. The French and Japanese are also far more likely to view trade as a job destroyer than as a job creator.

Similarly, Americans are far more likely (45 per cent to 17 per cent) to say trade reduces wages, instead of raising them. The French, Italians, Japanese and Greeks agree.

In China, 67 per cent say trade creates jobs, and 61 per cent say it raises wages. People in most emerging-market countries, from Vietnam to Tunisia, share that positive view of trade.

China’s support for trade isn’t surprising considering that “wages in China have been growing 10 per cent per year on average for a decade while exports have been growing by 15 per cent per year,” said Bruce Stokes, director of Pew’s studies of global economic attitudes.

The United States, by contrast, has lost millions of manufacturing jobs over the past two decades and has endured “stagnating and declining wages for a generation” Stokes said.

Indeed, an academic report published last month by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that trade competition with China had cost the United States more than two million jobs from 1999 to 2011.

Americans’ sceptical view of globalisation “makes all the sense in the world”, Stokes said.

Around the world, people also have ambivalent feelings about foreign investment: They tend to support foreign companies building factories in their countries, but they are far less enthusiastic about foreign companies buying local firms: 67 per cent of Americans, 76 per cent of Japanese, 79 per cent of Germans and 50 per cent of Chinese take a dim view of foreigners buying local companies.

The doubts about trade in advanced economies could make it harder for the United States to negotiate ambitious trade agreements in Asia and Europe, Pew said.

The US government, arguing that expanded trade creates jobs and stimulates economic growth, is negotiating a major free trade agreement with Japan and 10 other countries in the Asia-Pacific region. It is also working on another trade deal with the 28-country Europe Union.

The sceptical attitudes toward trade in many of the countries involved in the negotiations “could complicate current government efforts to further deepen and broaden global markets,” the Pew report said.