WASHINGTON DC, United States (CMC) — The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has called for curative treatment for hepatitis to reduce thousands of preventable deaths in the Americas.

As World Hepatitis Day was marked on Saturday, the international public health agency called on countries in that region, including in the Caribbean, to urgently step up efforts to ensure the timely diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis.

In the region of the Americas, 3.9 million people live with chronic hepatitis B and 7.2 million with chronic hepatitis C, leading to more than 125,000 deaths each year. Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men and the 7th leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the Americas, posing a major public health problem.

PAHO said that despite clear links between chronic hepatitis B and C and potentially fatal diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer, not enough is being done in the region to ensure prevention, detection and treatment.

“While some countries in the region have made great strides towards addressing the risks to public health posed by hepatitis, many others continue to lag behind,” said Marcos Espinal, director, Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health, at PAHO/ World Health Organization (WHO).

“We know that treating hepatitis C can lead to around a 75 per cent reduction in the risk of developing liver cancer, yet just 14 per cent of those with hepatitis C in Latin America and the Caribbean are diagnosed, and less than one per cent receive life-saving treatment.”

The theme of this year’s World Hepatitis Day was “Time to test. Time to treat. Time to cure”.

The day focused on promoting three primary objectives: Supporting the urgent scale-up of hepatitis prevention, testing, treatment and care services; showcasing best practices and promote universal health coverage of hepatitis services; and improving partnerships and funding in the fight against viral hepatitis

To mark the occasion and ensure that countries are best equipped to tackle the issue, the WHO released new guidance on the treatment of hepatitis C, calling for an expansion of access to innovative curative treatments to all those over the age of 12 living with the virus, and the inclusion of effective hepatitis B and C treatment in national health insurance systems.

During 2015 and 2016, ministers of health from throughout the Americas agreed on a series of actions to reduce the public health burden of hepatitis and eliminate hepatitis as a public health problem by 2030. Since then, efforts to ensure vaccination against hepatitis B have continued, with all countries in Latin America and the Caribbean vaccinating children under one year old, 22 of which do so within the first 24 hours following birth, in accordance with recommendations from WHO.

However, when it comes to the treatment of those living with chronic hepatitis C, much remains to be done. New advances mean that over 95 per cent of those infected could indeed be cured, yet across the region, the vast majority of people living with hepatitis C do not have affordable access to these highly effective medicines. Treating the virus with directly acting antiviral (DAA) drugs, for example, can cure hepatitis C in less than three months.

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by a viral infection by one of the five main hepatitis viruses (types A, B, C, D, and E). It can result in acute infections and lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, cancer, or even death. Hepatitis B and C infections are transmitted through contaminated blood as well as through contaminated needles and syringes and among people who inject drugs.

The viruses can also be transmitted through unsafe sex and from an infected mother to her newborn child.

Hepatitis B and C are chronic infections that can remain asymptomatic for long periods of time, often for years, but early testing and treatment prevents the complications of hepatitis C.