GENEVA, Switzerland (AFP) — Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for seven of the top 10 causes of death before the novel coronavirus pandemic, the World Health Organization said yesterday, with heart disease killing more people than ever before.

The WHO’s new Global Health Estimates, adding 2019 data to statistics going back to 2000, found that people were living longer lives — but those extra years were not necessarily lived in good health.

The study, which exposes trends over the last two decades in mortality and morbidity caused by diseases and injuries, showed that NCDs made up just four of the top 10 causes of death back in 2000, rising to seven last year.

COVID-19 is likely to figure in the 2020 top 10, WHO officials said, with the death toll having passed the 1.5 million mark on December 3.

In 2019, some 55.4 million deaths were recorded worldwide.

The top 10 causes of death accounted for 55 per cent of those fatalities. They fall into three broad categories: cardiovascular, respiratory and neonatal.

The top five causes of death, in order, were heart disease; strokes; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; lower respiratory infections; and neonatal conditions.

They were followed by trachea, bronchus and lung cancers; Alzheimers’ disease and other dementias; diarrhoea; diabetes; and kidney diseases.

The figures “clearly highlight the need for an intensified global focus on preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases, as well as tackling injuries”, the WHO said in a statement.

Heart disease has been the world’s leading cause of death for the last 20 years.

“However, it is now killing more people than ever before,” the WHO said, with nine million fatalities in 2019 — up by two million since 2000.

Heart disease represents 16 per cent of total deaths from all causes, with strokes claiming 11 per cent and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease six per cent.

Diabetes has entered the top 10 causes of death following a 70 per cent increase in the number of deaths since 2000.

Bente Mikkelsen, the WHO’s NCDs chief, said that although insulin was discovered nearly 100 years ago, fewer than half of the people who need it have access to it.

“There is an urgency to act,” she told reporters.

Mikkelsen said the most efficient way to protect people against NCD risk factors was “to increase the tax on tobacco and sugar-sweetened beverages” and other unhealthy products.

“It’s also a very important way to increase the health budgets.”

NCDs together accounted for 74 per cent of deaths globally in 2019.

“We need to rapidly step up prevention, diagnosis and treatment of NCDs,” said WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

HIV/AIDS dropped from the eighth-leading cause of death in 2000 to the 19th in 2019 — though it remains in fourth place in Africa, despite the number of deaths on the continent dropping from more than one million to 435,000 over the 20-year span.

Tuberculosis has also fallen out of the global top 10, dropping from seventh place in 2000 to 13th last year, thanks to a 30 per cent reduction in global deaths.

The new estimates found that in low-income countries, communicable diseases took a heavier toll, accounting for six of the top 10 causes of death, including malaria (sixth), tuberculosis (eighth) and HIV/AIDS (ninth).

Global average life expectancy was more than 73 years in 2019, compared with nearly 67 in 2000, with the biggest gains in the least-developed regions.

However Bochen Cao, from the WHO’s data and analytics department, warned that healthy life expectancy was not increasing at the same rate.