WASHINGTON, DC, United States (AP) — Donald Trump was indicted on felony charges Tuesday for working to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election in the run-up to the violent riot by his supporters at the US Capitol, as the Justice Department moved to hold him accountable for his efforts to block the peaceful transfer of power.

The four-count indictment reveals new details about a dark chapter in modern American history, detailing handwritten notes from former Vice-President Mike Pence about Trump’s relentless goading as well as how Trump sought to exploit the violence of the January 6, 2021 riot to remain in office.

Even in a year of rapid-succession legal reckonings for Trump, Tuesday’s criminal case, with charges including conspiring to defraud the United States Government that he once led, was especially stunning in its allegations that a former president assaulted the underpinnings of democracy in a frantic but ultimately failed effort to cling to power.

It accuses him of repeatedly lying about the election results, turning aside repeated overtures from some aides to tell the truth, but conspiring with others to try to improperly change vote totals in his favour. It says that on the day of the January 6, 2021 riot he attempted to “exploit” the chaos by pushing to delay the certification of the election results even after the building was cleared of violent protesters.

Trump’s claims of having won the election, said the indictment, were “false, and the defendant knew they were false. But the defendant repeated and widely disseminated them anyway — to make his knowingly false claims appear legitimate, to create an intense national atmosphere of mistrust and anger, and to erode public faith in the administration of the election”.

Federal prosecutors say Donald Trump was “determined to remain in power” by way of conspiracies that targeted a “bedrock function of the United States federal government — the nation’s process of collecting, counting, and certifying the results of the presidential election”.

The indictment, the third criminal case brought against the former president as he seeks to reclaim the White House in 2024, follows a long-running federal investigation into schemes by Trump and his allies to subvert the peaceful transfer of power and keep him in office despite a decisive loss to Joe Biden.

Trump is due in court Thursday before US District Judge Tanya Chutkan.

The criminal case comes while Trump leads the field of Republicans vying to capture their party’s presidential nomination. It is sure to be dismissed by the former president and his supporters — and even some of his rivals — as just another politically motivated prosecution. Yet the charges stem from one of the most serious threats to American democracy in modern history.

They focus on the turbulent two months after the November 2020 election in which Trump refused to accept his loss and spread lies that victory was stolen from him. The turmoil resulted in the US Capitol riot on January 6, 2021, when Trump loyalists violently broke into the building, attacked police officers, and disrupted the congressional counting of electoral votes.

In-between the election and the riot Trump urged local election officials to undo voting results in their states, pressured former Vice-President Mike Pence to halt the certification of electoral votes, and falsely claimed that the election had been stolen — a notion repeatedly rejected by judges.

The indictment had been expected since Trump said in mid-July that the Justice Department informed him he was a target of its long-running January 6 investigation. A bipartisan House committee that spent months investigating the run-up to the Capitol riot also recommended prosecuting Trump on charges including aiding an insurrection and obstructing an official proceeding.

The mounting criminal cases against Trump — not to mention multiple civil cases — are unfolding in the heat of the 2024 race. A conviction in this case, or any other, would not prevent Trump from pursuing the White House or serving as president, however.

In New York, state prosecutors have charged Trump with falsifying business records about a hush money pay-off to a porn actor before the 2016 election. The trial begins in late March.

In Florida the Justice Department has brought more than three dozen felony counts against Trump, accusing him of illegally possessing classified documents after leaving the White House and concealing them from the Government. The trial begins in late May.

The latest federal indictment against Trump focuses heavily on actions taken in Washington, and the trial will be held there — in a courthouse located between the White House he once occupied and the Capitol his supporters once stormed. No trial date has been set.

Prosecutors in Georgia, at the same time, are investigating efforts by Trump and his allies to reverse his election loss to Biden there in 2020. The district attorney of Fulton County is expected to announce a decision on whether to indict the former president in early August.

The investigation of Trump’s efforts to overturn the 2020 election was led by Justice Department Special Counsel Jack Smith. His team of prosecutors has questioned senior Trump Administration officials before a grand jury in Washington, including Pence and top lawyers from the Trump White House.

Focal points of the Justice Department’s election-meddling investigation included the role played by some of Trump’s lawyers, post-election fund-raising, a chaotic December 2020 meeting at the White House in which some Trump aides discussed the possibility of seizing voting machines, and the enlistment of fake electors to submit certificates to the National Archives and Congress falsely asserting that Trump, not Biden, had won their states’ votes.