German Chancellor Friedrich Merz ended his two-day visit to China on Thursday in the tech hub of Hangzhou, identifying “challenges that we must overcome together” after meeting President Xi Jinping and announcing an Airbus deal.

Merz’s first official visit to China came as Berlin and Beijing seek to build on decades-old economic ties to weather global uncertainty sparked by US President Donald Trump’s tariff blitz and erratic foreign policies.

China, the world’s number two economy, overtook the United States last year to become Germany’s biggest trade partner. At the same time, Berlin regards the Communist Party-run state as a systemic rival to the West.

The German leader was accompanied in China by a large delegation of business leaders, including executives of auto giants Volkswagen, BMW and Mercedes.

Merz visited a Mercedes plant in Beijing on Thursday morning, where he was shown a demonstration of self-driving vehicles.

He then travelled to Hangzhou, where he visited the sites of Germany’s Siemens Energy and Chinese humanoid robot-maker Unitree.

The eastern city is home to several other major Chinese tech companies like AI unicorn DeepSeek and e-commerce giant Alibaba.

European business leaders, who broadly complain China is flooding the EU market with cheap goods, have urged Merz to keep a cavernous trade imbalance at the top of his agenda.

Germany’s trade deficit with China hit a record 89 billion euros ($105 billion) last year.

“We have good cooperation in China. However, there are also some challenges that we must overcome together,” Merz said Thursday, singling out “issues relating to competition” and “high capacity in China”.

Merz said consultations between his government and Beijing — interrupted by political developments in Berlin and the pandemic — would take place “at the beginning of next year at the latest, possibly even this year”, with China as host.

‘New levels’

Following talks with Xi and top Chinese leaders in the capital on Wednesday, Merz said that China had agreed to purchase up to 120 Airbus aircraft, adding that it “demonstrates how worthwhile such trips can be”.

Other contracts were in the pipeline, Merz added.

The two leaders stressed their commitment to developing closer strategic relations, with Xi telling Merz he was willing to take relations to “new levels”.

Merz said he had also touched on the sensitive topic of Taiwan, the self-ruled island China claims as its territory and which it has not ruled out the use of force to annex.

Any “reunification” must be done peacefully, Merz said.

He also discussed the Ukraine war with Xi, who, according to Chinese state news agency Xinhua, said diplomacy was “key to the issue”.

Merz said he urged Beijing to use its influence over Moscow, such as choking off the supply of items with potential military uses.

“I hope that in my talks I was able to foster a little understanding for the fact that the leadership of this country should also contribute to ending the war in Ukraine,” Merz told reporters on Thursday before departing for Berlin.

Merz was the latest in a string of Western leaders to court Beijing recently.

He follows Britain’s Keir Starmer, France’s Emmanuel Macron and Canada’s Mark Carney, as they recoil from the mercurial policies of Trump, who is also expected to visit from March 31.