June is Alzheimer’s and Brain Awareness Month, and the piece below is one of several this month to educate the public about these critical topics.

ALZHEIMER’S disease is a complex condition that affects millions of people worldwide, yet many misconceptions still surround it. To combat some of these misconceptions, here are five key facts about Alzheimer’s disease:

Progressive brain disorder: Alzheimer’s is a progressive brain disorder that gradually destroys memory and thinking skills, eventually interfering with daily tasks and activities. It is the most common cause of dementia and accounting for 62 per cent of Jamaican dementia cases. Dementia is a term used to describe a group of symptoms associated with a decline in thinking skills.

Risk factors and age: While age is the greatest known risk factor for Alzheimer’s, it is not a normal part of ageing. Most people with Alzheimer’s are 65 and older, but the disease can also affect younger individuals, known as early-onset Alzheimer’s. Other risk factors include genetics, family history, history of traumatic brain injuries, and certain lifestyle factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, unhealthy diet, smoking, and sedentary life.

Symptoms and warning signs: The early stages of Alzheimer’s often involve subtle changes in memory and thinking, such as forgetting recent conversations or events, difficulty with problem-solving, and confusion about time or place. As the disease progresses, symptoms may worsen, leading to profound memory loss, disorientation, and changes in behaviour and personality.

No cure, but treatment available: Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, but there are treatments available to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Medications such as Donepezil, Galantamine, and Rivastigmine may temporarily slow the progression of symptoms or alleviate certain cognitive and behavioural issues. Additionally, non-drug interventions such as cognitive stimulation therapy, physical exercise, and social engagement can also be beneficial. Though Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease, progression may be different for each person.

Impact on families and caregivers: Alzheimer’s not only affects individuals diagnosed with the disease but also has a significant impact on their families and care partners. Providing care for someone with Alzheimer’s can be emotionally and physically demanding, often requiring round-the-clock assistance and support. It is essential for caregivers to prioritise self-care and seek help from health-care professionals and support networks.

By increasing awareness and understanding of Alzheimer’s disease, we can work towards better support, early detection, and improved treatments for those affected by this challenging condition. If you or someone you know is experiencing memory loss or other symptoms of cognitive decline, it is crucial to consult with a health-care professional for evaluation and support.

Robiann Broomfield is currently completing her PhD in clinical psychology with a specialisation in neuropsychology. In addition, she is also completing her clinical internship at Baylor College of Medicine/TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital in rehabilitation psychology and neuropsychology. Starting in September she will begin a fellowship at Harvard Medical School in neuropsychology.