June is Alzheimer’s and Brain Awareness Month, and the piece below is the final of several this month to educate the public about these critical topics.

BY ROBIANN BROOMFIELD

ALZHEIMER’S disease is known for causing memory and cognitive decline in older adults. However, there is a lesser-known subtype called posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) which affects people differently. Here’s what you need to know about this atypical type of Alzheimer’s disease.

What is PCA?

PCA is a rare, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. Unlike typical Alzheimer’s, which primarily affects memory, PCA impacts the back part of the brain, known as the posterior cortex. This area is responsible for processing visual information and coordinating complex visual tasks.

Key symptoms of PCA

People with PCA often experience a variety of visual and spatial problems, rather than memory loss, in the early stages. These symptoms can include:

*Difficulty reading — words may seem jumbled or distorted;

*Trouble recognising faces and objects — familiar faces or common objects become hard to identify;

*Issues with coordination — tasks that require hand-eye coordination, like writing or using utensils, become challenging;

*Problems with spatial awareness — judging distances or navigating through space can be difficult.

How is PCA diagnosed?

Diagnosing PCA can be tricky because its symptoms resemble those of other visual or neurological conditions. A thorough evaluation typically includes:

* Neuroimaging — MRI or CT scans to look for brain changes;

* Neuropsychological tests — assessments to evaluate cognitive and visual-spatial skills;

* Eye exams — to rule out eye-related causes of visual problems.

Living with PCA

Living with PCA requires adjustments to daily life. Strategies to manage symptoms include:

* Using visual aids — magnifiers or large-print materials can help with reading;

* Simplifying tasks — breaking down activities into smaller, more manageable steps;

*Occupational therapy — to improve coordination and adapt to visual challenges.

Support and research

Support groups and counselling can provide emotional help and practical advice for those with PCA and their families. Research into PCA is ongoing, with scientists working to understand its causes and develop targeted treatments.

While PCA is a form of Alzheimer’s disease, its unique symptoms and challenges set it apart. Early diagnosis and tailored strategies can help those affected maintain a better quality of life. Continued research and awareness are crucial in supporting individuals and families dealing with PCA.

Robiann Broomfield is currently completing her PhD in Clinical Psychology with a specialisation in Neuropsychology. In addition, she is also completing her clinical internship at Baylor College of Medicine/TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital in rehabilitation psychology and neuropsychology. Starting in September she will begin a fellowship at Harvard Medical School in neuropsychology.