JAMAICA is ranked fifth in the world in terms of endemic plants and biodiversity, which is influenced by physical factors, such as topography, geology, terrain and climate.

There is also a high level of endemism (regularly found) for many animal species.

Ecosystem biodiversity

There are several ecosystems, each of which is important in terms of its values, functions, benefits derived and the biodiversity it supports. All ecosystems are interrelated, that is, activities in one area often directly or indirectly affect the state of other areas. At the same time, biodiversity of species depends on the maintenance of ecosystem integrity.

Inland resource

* Forests (Montane, Mist, Dry, Limestone, Wet Limestone)

* Plains

* Rivers

* Wetlands (swamps, mangrove forests)

Coastal and marine resources

* Wetlands

* Mangrove forests

* Beaches

* Sea grass beds; and

* Coral reefs

* Open waters

Species biodiversity

Species diversity takes into account all species present within various terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats. They include birds, reptiles, mammals, fish, insects, crustaceans, plants, micro-organisms, etc.

Terrestrial Fauna Total # Endemic % Endemic

Species Species Species

Bromeliads 60 22 36.7

Orchids 230 60 26

Ferns 579 67 11.5

Cacti 20 10 50

Palms 10 7 70

Grasses ~200 1 0.5%

Terrestrial Fauna Total # Endemic % Endemic

Species Species Species

Rotifers 211 <21 <10

Land Snails 514 505 98.2

Jumping Spiders 26 20 76.9

Fireflies 48 45 93.8

Butterflies 133 20 15

Ants 59 6 10.3

Amphibians 22 22 100

Reptiles 43 33 76.7

Shore and Seabirds 39 1 2.6

Land birds 67 30 44.8

Bats 21 4 52.5

Other Mammals 2 2 100.0

— National Environment and Planning Agency