PARIS, France (AFP) — Cancer survival is increasing across the world but large gaps endure between nations, while some cancers remain hard to treat everywhere, according to a major review released Wednesday.

The progress and the gap are especially large for childhood cancers, according to the CONCORD-3 study covering 71 nations and 18 types of cancer, published in the medical journal The Lancet.

For children with brain tumours, for example, five-year survival has improved across the board from 54 percent for the period 2000-2004, to more than 60 percent for 2010-2014.

In the United States, Denmark, Sweden and Slovakia, the survival rate progressed to 80 percent or better. In Mexico and Brazil, however, less than 40 per cent of children diagnosed with brain tumours survived in the 2010-2014 period.

Similarly, five-year survival for the most common type of childhood cancer — acute lymphoblastic leukaemia — rose to higher than 90 per cent in Canada, the United States and nine European countries, but remained below 60 per cent in China and Mexico.

“This likely reflects the availability and quality of diagnostic and treatment services,” the authors said in a statement.

The world has seen across-the-board progress on breast cancer, the study showed.

For women diagnosed with the disease in the United States and Australia between 2010 and 2014, five-year survival was 90 per cent. In 16 western European countries, the rate improved to 85 per cent, and stood at 71 per cent for eastern European nations.

In India, breast cancer survival improved during those five years to 66 per cent.

37.5 million cases

Liver and lung cancers remain quick killers in both rich and developing countries, but the last 20 years have seen some progress.

Between 1995 and 2014, liver cancer survival increased in South Korea (from 11 to 27 percent), Sweden (5 to 17 per cent), and Portugal (8 to 19 per cent).

Similarly, lung cancer survival went up by 5 to 10 per cent in 21 countries, including Britain. The most progress was seen in China (from 8 to 20 per cent), Japan (23 to 33 per cent), and South Korea (10 to 25 per cent).

Pancreatic cancer remained highly lethal everywhere, with five-year survival rates typically under 15 per cent.

“Greater international efforts are needed to understand the risk factors for this rapidly lethal cancer,” said co-author Michel Coleman, a researcher at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.

Led by Claudia Allemani from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the Concord-3 study marshalled hundreds of experts and more than 300 cancer registries covering 37.5 million cancer cases — three-quarters of all the cancers diagnosed worldwide from 2000 to 2014.

Thirty-one European countries were included, along with 17 from Asia and 13 from Latin America. Only six African countries were included, due to a lack of data.

“Despite more than 20 years of advocacy for …fully functional cancer registries, both political and financial support remains woeful,” said Richard Sullivan, a professor at Kings Health Partners Comprehensive Cancer Centre in London.