Today is the 335th day of 2022. There are 30 days left in the year.

TODAY’S HIGHLIGHT

1962: Sir Clifford Campbell is appointed as governor general of Jamaica. He is the first Jamaican-born individual to fill that position.

OTHER EVENTS

1640: Portugal revolts against Spanish control and becomes independent under John IV.

1813: Allies agree to invade France after Napoleon Bonaparte’s vague replies to peace terms.

1821: The Dominican Republic declares independence from Spain.

1824: The presidential election is turned over to the US House of Representatives when a deadlock develops among John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William H Crawford and Henry Clay. Adams is declared the winner.

1887: Portugal secures the secession of Macao from China.

1913: The first US drive-in automobile service station opens in Pittsburgh.

1918: Croatia becomes part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes — later Yugoslavia.

1925: Through the Locarno Treaties Belgium, Britain, Italy, Germany and France agree to a mutual peace in Europe.

1934: Sergei Kirov, a trusted aide of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin but also a possible rival, is assassinated, prompting Stalin to purge the Communist Party.

1935: Chiang Kai-Shek is elected president of Kuomintang, China’s ruling party.

1948: Arab conference at Jericho proclaims Abdullah of Transjordan King of Palestine.

1954: United States signs mutual security pact with Nationalist China — now Taiwan.

1955: Rosa Parks, a black seamstress, defies the law by refusing to give up her seat to a white man aboard a Montgomery, Alabama city bus. She is arrested, sparking a year-long boycott of buses by blacks.

1959: Representatives of 12 countries, including the United States, sign a treaty in Washington setting aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, free from military activity.

1962: India rejects Chinese proposals for cease-fire and negotiations over disputed border territory.

1965: An airlift of refugees from Cuba to the United States — The Maribel airlift — begins. Thousands of Cubans are allowed to leave their homeland.

1971: The “Croatian Spring”, a movement for more independence within Yugoslavia, is crushed.

1978: US President Jimmy Carter places more than 56 million acres (22.4 million hectares) of Alaska’s federal lands into the national parks system.

1988: Benazir Bhutto is named Pakistan’s prime minister, becoming the first woman to lead a modern-day Muslim nation.

1990: British and French workers digging the Channel Tunnel between their countries finally meet after knocking out a passage in a service tunnel.

1991: Ukrainians vote nine to one in favour of independence from Soviet Union in a referendum.

1993: The United States and Britain increase pressure on Belgrade ahead of Bosnian peace talks by stopping a Russian proposal to supply natural gas to Yugoslavia during the winter.

1995: Prosecutors in South Africa formally charge former Defence Minister General Magnus Malan and 19 others with the murders of 13 people in 1987.

1997: Historians say banks in Switzerland received three times more gold than previously believed from the Nazis during World War II and that as much as one-sixth was stolen from concentration camp victims.

1999: Scientists announce for the first time they have virtually mapped an entire human chromosome, one of the chains of molecules that bear the genetic recipe for human life.

2000: Vicente Fox is elected president of Mexico, ending the seven-decade political dynasty of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. The election marks the first peaceful transfer of power to an opposition party in Mexico’s history.

2001: Japan’s Crown Prince Naruhito’s wife, Crown Princess Masako, gives birth to a daughter, the couple’s first child, and long-awaited royal heir.

2007: Colombian government officials release a letter written by former presidential candidate, Ingrid Betancourt, and videos that are the first evidence in years that she and other rebel-held hostages including three US military contractors may still be alive.

2008: One of the highest tides in its history brings Venice, Italy, to a virtual halt, flooding its historic St Mark’s Square and rekindling a debate over a plan to build moveable flood barriers.

2009: President Barack Obama sends 30,000 more US troops to Afghanistan, accelerating a risky and expensive war build-up, even as he assures the nation that US forces will begin coming home in July 2011.

2010: A new study suggests there are a mind-blowing 300 sextillion stars, or three times as many as scientists previously calculated. That is a three followed by 23 zeros. Or three trillion times 100 billion.

TODAY’S BIRTHDAYS

Gerard Swope, US industrialist (1872-1957); Rex Stout, US mystery writer (1886-1975); Walter Alston US baseball manager (1911-1984); Mary Martin, US actress (1913-1990); former Vietnamese President Le Duc Anh (1920-2019); Woody Allen, US director (1935- ); Bette Midler, US singer/actress (1945- ); Jeremy Northam, British actor (1961- )

— AP/Jamaica Observer