MAO, Dominican Republic (AFP) —Agamise Cheranfant hides as soon as he finishes his work at a banana plantation in the Dominican Republic. Like many others, he is Haitian, undocumented, and lives in constant fear of deportation.

Owners of farms, construction companies and tourism businesses are also nervous — they rely on Haitian labourers to work long days under the scorching sun.

On the banana plantations in Mao, in the country’s northwest, most of the workers are from Haiti, which shares an island with the Dominican Republic.

It is an arduous job that few Dominicans want to do.

The daily wage of 800 pesos (less than $14) “is very low,” said Cheranfant, 33.

And with immigration authorities breathing down undocumented workers’ necks, “we’re always scared, we’re always hiding,” he said.

Relations between the Dominican Republic and Haiti are marked by resentment and mistrust.

Dominican President Luis Abinader has toughened his policy on migration from the neighboring country, which is plagued by poverty and gang violence that has led thousands of Haitians to flee.

Abinader ordered the construction of a wall on the border and increased raids and deportations of undocumented immigrants.

In the first half of 2025 alone, more than 200,000 Haitians were sent home, even as gang violence there soars.

Such “disorderly” repatriations have reduced the availability of labor in tasks that “aren’t of interest to Dominicans,” according to the construction workers’ association, Acoprovi.

In some areas, the labor supply has fallen by between 40 and 80 per cent.

In tourism, the labor squeeze has affected areas such as cooking, said Henri Hebrard, an economist and consultant.

“This could affect the quality of service,” he said.

– Companies demand change –

Business leaders are calling for a regularisation plan for undocumented labourers. Acoprovi proposes issuing 87,000 temporary work permits.

But the government, so far, has shown no signs of flexibility regarding the requests. Antony Florestal has a passport, alien identification card and work card that have all expired.

If he is caught in a raid, he faces deportation.  “I’m scared,” said the 32-year-old, who has been working in agriculture since 2009.

“I live here (on the farm) so I don’t have to go out on the street.”

The Dominican Republic exports bananas to the United States, Europe and other countries in the Caribbean, with agriculture representing 5.6 per cent of the country’s economic output.

– ‘Can’t live in peace’ –

At the plantation where Cheranfant works, bunches of bananas are harvested with machetes, before being placed on a steel hook and moved along a cable to another area where they are sorted and packed for sale.

The best bananas are exported, in this case to Germany. The rest are sold on the local market.

The country’s banana industry was already in crisis due to factors including the weather, pests and rising costs.

Production fell 44 per cent between 2021 and 2024, according to the Dominican Association of Banana Producers.

The labour shortage is yet another blow.

“Here, the workforce has decreased by more than 50 per cent” due to the deportations, said producer Osvaldo Pineo.

Some Haitians now work “nomadically,” he said.

“Today, they offer you the service, but tomorrow, you don’t know if you’ll get it.”

For employers, too, there is a risk.

“If you put them in a vehicle and it’s checked (by the authorities), you’re accused of being a trafficker of undocumented migrants,” Pineo said.

Cheranfant has already been deported several times but always returns — life is a constant game of cat and mouse with immigration authorities.

His wife and three children live in a town near the plantation.

“Almost every day we flee, in the morning, at night, at three in the morning, at one in the morning,” Cheranfant said.

“You’re scared while you sleep and while you eat. We can’t live in peace.”