JUBA, Sudan (AP) — Two rebel groups clashed with Southern Sudan’s military ahead of the region’s historic independence referendum, leaving at least nine dead. A top security chief said yesterday that he suspected the groups were trying to depress voter turnout in some areas, though most analysts expect a peaceful vote.

The week-long referendum begins today and is likely to see Africa’s largest country split in two. In order for the referendum to pass, a simple majority must vote for independence and 60 per cent of the 3.9 million registered voters must cast ballots.

Southern Sudan President Salva Kiir, who met with US Senator John Kerry yesterday, addressed southern voters at a news conference attended by a mass of international media.

“I urge you all to make your decision in a peaceful manner as we end the longest journey,” Kiir said. “From our side as the government of Southern Sudan, we promise you an atmosphere of calm and guaranteed security.”

Kerry, who is one of several high-profile American observers in Southern Sudan for the vote, said the stability of northern Sudan is also critical. Sudan will lose a third of its land, nearly a quarter of its population and much of its main moneymaker, oil, if south Sudanese vote for independence.

“It’s not only a moment of self determination for the south, if they decide to do that, it’s also the renewal of the nation in the north … That’s our hope, whether it happens or not is up to its own leaders,” Kerry said.

The attacks against the Southern Peoples’ Liberation Army, or SPLA, happened late Friday and yesterday in an oil-rich area bordering northern Sudan. In the southern capital of Juba, though, residents were excitedly making preparations for the momentous vote.

“Why is it happening now? The intention or the motive behind must be undermining the referendum,” said Gen Acuil Tito Madut, the inspector general of the south’s police. “Once these fights break out in these states that will mean some people will not vote and once people don’t vote that means the required percentage is not achieved.”

Southern army spokesman Col Philip Aguer said forces loyal to rebel leader Gatluak Gai attacked SPLA forces overnight Friday and into yesterday in Unity State, an oil-rich area bordering northern Sudan. Aguer said six rebels died in the exchanges.

Jonglei state, meanwhile, saw deadly clashes between men commanded by militia leader David Yauyau and the southern military, said Madut. One civilian was among those killed, he added.

Madut said 32 rebels from Gai’s group were captured by the southern military and were being brought to Juba, the southern capital, to be interrogated about who is behind the group. The men were captured with 30 AK-47 assault rifles, one machine gun and one rocket-propelled grenade, he said.

Southern Sudan suffered through decades of internal strife while it was at war with the north. It has worked in recent weeks to strike peace deals with armed southern dissidents, but Gai’s and Yauyau’s rebels have not yet reconciled.

Starting today, southern Sudanese will cast simple, illustrated ballots at polling stations under thatched roof shelters in the remote and impoverished countryside and in Juba, a city of simple concrete houses and mud huts that got its first paved roads only in recent years.

If it passes, the referendum will split Africa’s biggest country between the mostly Arab and Muslim north, and the mostly black and Christian or animist south. Southern Sudan would then be on track to become the world’s newest country in July. Outstanding issues like sharing oil wealth, water rights and demarcating the border still have to be agreed to.

Aid groups also fear that southerners living in the north and northerners living in the south will face harassment and abuse.

The US has made the referendum a foreign policy priority and has offered to remove Sudan from the list of state sponsors of terror if Khartoum doesn’t hinder the vote. Actor George Clooney, a Sudan activist, and former President Jimmy Carter are also in the country for the vote.

Sudan’s 1983-2005 civil war killed an estimated two million people and left many others missing one or more limbs.

“What we are doing is something that we have not done in our lifetime. This is something that has never happened,” said Justice Chan Reec Madut, the top southern official in the referendum commission. “Nobody every bothered to ask the people of Southern Sudan as to what their destiny should be.”

CAP

JUBA, Sudan — Southern Sudanese take part in a pro-separation rally in the southern capital of Juba on Friday. Thousands of pro-independence supporters rallied throughout the town just two days before voting commences in a referendum that will determine if southern Sudan secedes from the north to form the world’s newest country. (Photo: AP)