Understanding premature menopause

WHEN most women hear the word menopause, the average age that comes to mind is around 50 years old or even older. But according to outgoing chairman of the National Family Planning Board Dr Sandra Knight, some women may experience this phenomenon before the age of 40, which then results in what is known as premature menopause.

When a woman experiences premature menopause, the ovaries decrease or cease the production of oestrogen, which means the ending of a woman’s menstrual years earlier than usual.

Dr Knight said this could occur as a result of genetics, medications, radiation or surgical removal of the ovaries. The doctor added that the estimates of premature menopause cases in Jamaica are not precise as many women unknowingly experience it and do not seek clinical evaluation.

She explained that this type of “unnatural ending” of a woman’s menses can signal disturbing psychological events as it may also indicate the ending of a woman’s ability to conceive children.

The symptoms of premature menopause can be the same as those experienced by women undergoing natural menopause and include:

•Irregular or missed periods

• Periods that are heavier or lighter than usual

•Hot flashes (sudden feeling of warmth that spreads over the upper body)

•Vaginal dryness (the vagina may also become thinner and less flexible)

• Bladder irritability and worsening of loss of bladder control, also known as incontinence

• Emotional changes such as irritability, mood swings and mild depression

• Dry skin, eyes or mouth

• Sleeplessness

• Decreased sex drive.

Dr Knight explained that these symptoms are signs that the ovaries are producing less oestrogen. She said the diagnosis can be made using a simple blood test; however, the cause may be more difficult to determine.

The physician will discuss possible causes after a complete physical examination and testing.

She said that treating menopause is a discussion to be had with a physician and there are options for hormonal replacement. However, she implored that if an underlying illness is diagnosed, it should be treated.

As premature menopause can occur in women as young as 22 years old, the complications can be vast.

These complications include:

•Osteoporosis

•Risk of ovarian cancer

•Colon cancer

•Periodontal disease

•Emotional challenges.

Dr Knight said that regardless of a woman’s age, if she suspects she may be having symptoms of menopause, she should seek help and get tested.