This is the 297th day of 2022. There are 68 days left in the year.

TODAY’S HIGHLIGHT

1865: Jamaican Baptist deacon and activist Paul Bogle is hanged for his role in the Morant Bay Rebellion. (He is conferred with the Order of National Hero in 1969.)

OTHER EVENTS

1537: Jane Seymour, the third wife of England’s King Henry VIII, dies 12 days after giving birth to Prince Edward, later King Edward VI.

1648: The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War and effectively destroys the Holy Roman Empire.

1795: Austria, Prussia and Russia partition Poland for the third time.

1857: Recognised by FIFA as the oldest-existing club still playing football in the world, Sheffield FC is founded in Yorkshire, England (The club is now based in Dronfield, Derbyshire).

1860: The Convention of Beijing makes the Kowloon Peninsula part of the British colony of Hong Kong.

1861: The first transcontinental telegraph message is sent as Justice Stephen J Field of California transmits a telegram to US President Abraham Lincoln.

1882: Dr Robert Koch discovers the germ that causes tuberculosis.

1901: Anna Edson Taylor, a 43-year-old widow, becomes the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel and live to tell about it.

1922: The Irish Parliament adopts a constitution for an Irish Free State.

1929: The New York Stock Exchange loses 12.8 per cent of its value in a day known as Black Thursday.

1931: Gangster Al Capone is sentenced to 11 years for tax evasion.

1935: Italy invades Ethiopia.

1939: Nylon stockings are sold to the public for the first time in Wilmington, Delaware. Nazis require Jews to wear the Star of David in Germany.

1940: The 40-hour workweek goes into effect in the United States under the Fair Labour Standards Act of 1938.

1945: The United Nations officially comes into existence as its charter takes effect.

1959: More than 10,000 Muslims flee from Burma to East Pakistan to escape pressure from Burmese officials and Buddhist tribes.

1962: The US blockade of Cuba begins under a proclamation signed by President John F Kennedy. The Manchurian Candidate, directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Frank Sinatra and Laurence Harvey, is released.

1964: Zambia gains independence from Britain.

1970: Leftist Salvador Allende is elected as president of Chile.

1972: The first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) and the 1947 MLB Rookie of the Year, Jackie Robinson dies this day of a heart attack.

1973: The Yom Kippur War ends with Israeli troops 100 kilometres (65 miles) from Cairo, Egypt, and 40 kilometres (25 miles) from Damascus, Syria.

1978: The US, which imposed an aid embargo in 1977 in response to Pakistan’s insistence on purchasing a nuclear facility from France, resumes economic assistance

.

1979: The Guinness Book of Records presents Paul McCartney with a rhodium disc as the all-time best-selling singer-songwriter.

1980: The Polish Government legalises independent labour union Solidarity.

1991: After more than a year of delays the Brazilian Government begins its privatisation programme, selling 75 per cent of a State-owned steel company for about US$1.17 billion.

1992: The Toronto Blue Jays win baseball’s World Series, becoming the first non-US team to capture the championship by defeating the Atlanta Braves 4-3 in game 6.

1994: An elderly art lover in Zurich is robbed — for the second time in three years — of paintings by Pablo Picasso with an estimated value of US$40 million.

1995: A strong earthquake jolts the south-western Chinese province of Yunnan, killing at least 14 people.

1997: UN officials say the Taliban rulers of Afghanistan have agreed to enforce a ban on opium production.

1998: A black player is accepted for the first time by world champions the South African rugby team.

1999: A Venezuelan constitutional assembly approves a measure calling for “truthful information” in the media, alarming critics who say it could result in an attack on the free press.

2000: Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak appeals to hawkish Opposition leader Ariel Sharon to join a coalition government, further dashing hopes of reconciliation with the Palestinians.

2002: Police investigating a spate of sniper attacks in the Washington, DC, area arrest two suspects.

2003: The last three Concorde supersonic passenger jet flights land at Heathrow airport outside London, ending the luxury plane’s 27 years of commercial service. The British Airways planes departed from New York City’s John F Kennedy International Airport.

2004: Iraqi insurgents waylay three minibuses carrying US-trained Iraqi soldiers heading home on leave and massacre about 50 of them — many of them shot in the head execution-style.

2005: Revered as “the first lady of civil rights” and “the mother of the freedom movement” Rosa Parks — whose refusal to give up her seat on the bus to a white passenger became an important symbol of the modern civil rights movement, making her an international icon of resistance to racial segregation — dies of natural causes at the age of 92.

2006: Australia’s Government announces that more than 70,000 farmers are eligible for special federal relief after the worst drought in a century affects more than half of Australia’s farm and ranch lands.

2007: Embarking on an ambitious 10-year moon exploration programme, China launches its first lunar probe — a leap forward in the Asian space race that gives a boost to national pride, and the promise of scientific and military pay-offs.

2008: A Russian Soyuz capsule touches down in Kazakhstan after delivering the first two men — a Russian and an American — to follow their fathers into space to the international space station. “Bloody Friday” sees many of the world’s stock exchanges experience the worst declines in their history, with drops of around 10 per cent in most indices.

2009: The army captures the strategically located hometown of Pakistan’s Taliban chief after fierce fighting, snagging its first big prize in a major, US-backed offensive along the Afghan border.

2011: The US Barack Obama Administration pulls its ambassador home from Syria, arguing that his support for anti-Assad activists put him in grave danger — the most dramatic action up to that point by the United States as it struggles to counter a Mideast autocrat who is withstanding a level of pressure that toppled neighbouring dictators.

2013: Syrian authorities release 61 women detainees, an activist group says, the latest in a three-way prisoner exchange that is one of the more ambitious negotiated deals in the country’s civil war wherein rival factions remain largely opposed to any bartered peace.

2015: Maureen O’Hara (Maureen FitzSimons), the first major Irish actor to become a Hollywood star and who was known for her red hair, willful characters, and for often appearing alongside her friend John Wayne, dies in her sleep of natural causes at the age of 95.

TODAY’S BIRTHDAYS

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch scientist (1632-1723); Bill Wyman, member of the Rolling Stones (1936- ); Kevin Kline, US actor (1947- ); Drake (Aubrey Drake Graham), singer-songwriter (1986- )

– AP/Jamaica Observer

TODAY’S HIGHLIGHT

1865: Jamaican Baptist deacon and activist Paul Bogle is hanged for his role in the Morant Bay Rebellion. (He is conferred with the Order of National Hero in 1969.)

OTHER EVENTS

1537: Jane Seymour, the third wife of England’s King Henry VIII, dies 12 days after giving birth to Prince Edward, later King Edward VI.

1648: The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War and effectively destroys the Holy Roman Empire.

1795: Austria, Prussia and Russia partition Poland for the third time.

1857: Recognised by FIFA as the oldest-existing club still playing football in the world, Sheffield FC is founded in Yorkshire, England (The club is now based in Dronfield, Derbyshire).

1860: The Convention of Beijing makes the Kowloon Peninsula part of the British colony of Hong Kong.

1861: The first transcontinental telegraph message is sent as Justice Stephen J Field of California transmits a telegram to US President Abraham Lincoln.

1882: Dr Robert Koch discovers the germ that causes tuberculosis.

1901: Anna Edson Taylor, a 43-year-old widow, becomes the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel and live to tell about it.

1922: The Irish Parliament adopts a constitution for an Irish Free State.

1929: The New York Stock Exchange loses 12.8 per cent of its value in a day known as Black Thursday.

1931: Gangster Al Capone is sentenced to 11 years for tax evasion.

1935: Italy invades Ethiopia.

1939: Nylon stockings are sold to the public for the first time in Wilmington, Delaware. Nazis require Jews to wear the Star of David in Germany.

1940: The 40-hour workweek goes into effect in the United States under the Fair Labour Standards Act of 1938.

1945: The United Nations officially comes into existence as its charter takes effect.

1959: More than 10,000 Muslims flee from Burma to East Pakistan to escape pressure from Burmese officials and Buddhist tribes.

1962: The US blockade of Cuba begins under a proclamation signed by President John F Kennedy. The Manchurian Candidate, directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Frank Sinatra and Laurence Harvey, is released.

1964: Zambia gains independence from Britain.

1970: Leftist Salvador Allende is elected as president of Chile.

1972: The first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) and the 1947 MLB Rookie of the Year, Jackie Robinson dies this day of a heart attack.

1973: The Yom Kippur War ends with Israeli troops 100 kilometres (65 miles) from Cairo, Egypt, and 40 kilometres (25 miles) from Damascus, Syria.

1978: The US, which imposed an aid embargo in 1977 in response to Pakistan’s insistence on purchasing a nuclear facility from France, resumes economic assistance.

1979: The Guinness Book of Records presents Paul McCartney with a rhodium disc as the all-time best-selling singer-songwriter.

1980: The Polish Government legalises independent labour union Solidarity.

1991: After more than a year of delays the Brazilian Government begins its privatisation programme, selling 75 per cent of a State-owned steel company for about US$1.17 billion.

1992: The Toronto Blue Jays win baseball’s World Series, becoming the first non-US team to capture the championship by defeating the Atlanta Braves 4-3 in game 6.

1994: An elderly art lover in Zurich is robbed — for the second time in three years — of paintings by Pablo Picasso with an estimated value of US$40 million.

1995: A strong earthquake jolts the south-western Chinese province of Yunnan, killing at least 14 people.

1997: UN officials say the Taliban rulers of Afghanistan have agreed to enforce a ban on opium production.

1998: A black player is accepted for the first time by world champions the South African rugby team.

1999: A Venezuelan constitutional assembly approves a measure calling for “truthful information” in the media, alarming critics who say it could result in an attack on the free press.

2000: Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak appeals to hawkish Opposition leader Ariel Sharon to join a coalition government, further dashing hopes of reconciliation with the Palestinians.

2002: Police investigating a spate of sniper attacks in the Washington, DC, area arrest two suspects.

2003: The last three Concorde supersonic passenger jet flights land at Heathrow airport outside London, ending the luxury plane’s 27 years of commercial service. The British Airways planes departed from New York City’s John F Kennedy International Airport.

2004: Iraqi insurgents waylay three minibuses carrying US-trained Iraqi soldiers heading home on leave and massacre about 50 of them — many of them shot in the head execution-style.

2005: Revered as “the first lady of civil rights” and “the mother of the freedom movement” Rosa Parks — whose refusal to give up her seat on the bus to a white passenger became an important symbol of the modern civil rights movement, making her an international icon of resistance to racial segregation — dies of natural causes at the age of 92.

2006: Australia’s Government announces that more than 70,000 farmers are eligible for special federal relief after the worst drought in a century affects more than half of Australia’s farm and ranch lands.

2007: Embarking on an ambitious 10-year moon exploration programme, China launches its first lunar probe — a leap forward in the Asian space race that gives a boost to national pride, and the promise of scientific and military pay-offs.

2008: A Russian Soyuz capsule touches down in Kazakhstan after delivering the first two men — a Russian and an American — to follow their fathers into space to the international space station. “Bloody Friday” sees many of the world’s stock exchanges experience the worst declines in their history, with drops of around 10 per cent in most indices.

2009: The army captures the strategically located hometown of Pakistan’s Taliban chief after fierce fighting, snagging its first big prize in a major, US-backed offensive along the Afghan border.

2011: The US Barack Obama Administration pulls its ambassador home from Syria, arguing that his support for anti-Assad activists put him in grave danger — the most dramatic action up to that point by the United States as it struggles to counter a Mideast autocrat who is withstanding a level of pressure that toppled neighbouring dictators.

2013: Syrian authorities release 61 women detainees, an activist group says, the latest in a three-way prisoner exchange that is one of the more ambitious negotiated deals in the country’s civil war wherein rival factions remain largely opposed to any bartered peace.

2015: Maureen O’Hara (Maureen FitzSimons), the first major Irish actor to become a Hollywood star and who was known for her red hair, willful characters, and for often appearing alongside her friend John Wayne, dies in her sleep of natural causes at the age of 95.

TODAY’S BIRTHDAYS

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch scientist (1632-1723); Bill Wyman, member of the Rolling Stones (1936- ); Kevin Kline, US actor (1947- ); Drake (Aubrey Drake Graham), singer-songwriter (1986- )

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