The modern civil rights movement hit a new peak last week in Illinois. It marked the movement coming full circle, in a way, back to the state of its birth more than a century ago.

Illinois is the unsung “alpha and omega” of the movement.

It was the 1908 Springfield, Illinois, Race Riot that sparked the creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). That marked the beginning of what would become the modern civil rights movement that evolved through the 1950s and 60s and is still evolving today.

And last week, Illinois hosted the nomination of one of America’s major parties’ candidate for president who has broken barriers her entire career, who comes from a family of bold civil rights activists, who could be our first woman president, our first president of Asian descent, and only our second black president.

If Springfield was the civil rights movement’s alpha, then this year’s Democratic National Convention in Chicago and Vice-President Kamala Harris’s campaign are, to date, its “omega”. Barely more than a month ago nobody knew this was going to be Harris’s convention. Yet the history of the civil rights movement makes poetry of the fact that she accepted her party’s nomination in Illinois.

The city of Chicago itself has played a crucial role in this history. In the wake of the Springfield Riot, the anti-lynching crusader and Chicagoan Ida B Wells-Barnett was a leading national voice against that racial violence and one of the original co-founder, six months later, of the NAACP. And Chicago played host to a key civil rights moment featuring another NAACP co-founder, WEB Du Bois.

In 1929, it was where Du Bois dispatched white supremacist Lothrop Stoddard’s toxic eugenics claptrap, arguing for racial equality in what was billed at the time as “one of the greatest debates ever held”.

It is the home of Mayor Harold Washington and Jesse Jackson. Reverend Jackson’s presidential campaigns offered me one of my own first experiences in political organising. I was captivated by his campaigns and led my county’s arm of Youth for Jackson when I was 14.

Those black leaders’ groundbreaking campaigns helped create a tailwind for black candidates across the country to make history in the 1980s. Doug Wilder became the first African American elected statewide in Virginia as lieutenant governor in 1985. Wilder then become the first-ever elected black governor in the United States in 1989, and David Dinkins elected the first black mayor of New York City.

I had this epiphany about Illinois’ special place in the civil rights movement right before travelling to Chicago to take part in various events held during this year’s Democratic convention. It was at the White House, of all places. I had the privilege of being in the Oval Office for President Joe Biden’s dedication of the site of the 1908 Springfield Race Riot as our country’s newest national monument. Among the crowd were some of Illinois’ top political leaders. And one of them mentioned that Illinois currently does not have a Civil Rights Trail.

I thought about that as I was walking out and a photograph on display in the Oval Office caught my eye. It was President Biden with his mother and then-President-elect Barack Obama on election night in 2008 in Chicago’s Grant Park. I remembered that night and was immediately awash in memories close to my heart and my sense of patriotism. I was in Springfield when President Obama launched his campaign for president there in 2007. I have always remembered that campaign kick-off vividly because of its historical significance and because of how cold it was. It will be forever even more deeply ingrained in my memory because one of my crew that day, who I stood with during the rally, was my friend Kamala Harris, then the district attorney of San Francisco.

Springfield was the home of Abraham Lincoln. When the NAACP was formed in 1909, six months after the Springfield Race Riot, it was on what would have been Abraham Lincoln’s 100th birthday. Then in 2007, nearly 100 years after that, Springfield was where Illinois Senator President Obama chose to begin his presidential journey. Once again, it was that pattern of things continuing coming full circle back to Illinois in our nation’s long march towards freedom and justice.

Clearly, Illinois deserves to have several Civil Rights Trail-recognised sites.

Last week’s convention was one for the ages: the speeches, the optimism, the energy, and yes, the joy. It was also just the latest of Chicago’s and the state of Illinois’ immense contributions to America’s progress towards the day when the rights and dignity of all people are fully realised.

On Monday, August 26, the US celebrated Women’s Equality Day. It was the anniversary of women gaining the right to vote with the adoption of the 19th Amendment in 1920. As our country sits poised to elect its first woman as president, it is also fitting to remember that Illinois was part of the very first group of states (along with Wisconsin and Michigan on the same day) to ratify that amendment.

Ben Jealous is the Executive Director of the Sierra Club and a Professor of Practice at the University of Pennsylvania.