OTTAWA, Canada (AFP) — The term “political rock star” has not been applied to many Canadian leaders, but when Justin Trudeau stormed into office in a 2015 landslide election, it appeared to fit.

Now, more than nine years after he initially wooed voters with a progressive agenda, Trudeau is leaving office, forced out by former Liberal party allies while being mocked by incoming US President Donald Trump.

“Trudeaumania” was first used to describe reaction to Trudeau’s father, Pierre Elliott Trudeau, who became a global celebrity when he led Canada through in the late 1960s and 70s, dating Barbara Streisand and developing a friendship with Fidel Castro.

The phrase resurged when Justin Trudeau — who had previously been a snowboard instructor, bartender, bouncer and teacher — rose to the top of Canadian politics.

“Why can’t he be our president?” Rolling Stone magazine asked on a 2017 cover, six months into Trump’s first term.

Trudeau’s positions seemed well-pitched to left-of-centre voters in Canada and beyond.

He promised action on climate change and a defence of Indigenous and refugee rights.

When asked why he prioritised gender parity in his first Cabinet, Trudeau famously replied, “because it’s 2015”.

When he travelled abroad, young people lined up for selfies.

“Canada is back!” he declared after ousting an entrenched Conservative prime minister, the unquestionably less glamorous Stephen Harper, in 2015.

Within Canada the honeymoon was short-lived.

There were steps that pleased supporters, like a public inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women, legislation permitting medically assisted suicide, and the legalisation of cannabis.

But on core issues like climate change and reconciliation with Indigenous communities Trudeau “has not been the reformer that many had hoped for”, said Maxwell Cameron, a political science professor at University of British Columbia.

Trudeau was narrowly re-elected to lead minority governments in 2019 and 2021.

“He probably stayed in power for a year too long,” said Genevieve Tellier, a political science professor at University of Ottawa.

She added that the disappointment engulfing Trudeau was so acute because he “promised so much”.

Trudeau, 53, has three children and announced his separation from his wife Sophie Gregoire in 2023.

On Monday, he credited his family for his successful career in politics, which began when he was elected to Parliament representing a working class Montreal neighbourhood in 2008.

As Liberal party critics came forward this year, Trudeau initially resisted calls to go.

Opinion polls show the Liberals trailing the Conservatives, but Trudeau voiced confidence that once an election campaign got underway Canadians would sour on Tory leader Pierre Poilievre.

But in December he suffered a blow that appeared conclusive.

His long-time ally, Finance Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland resigned, issuing a scathing letter that accused Trudeau of placing his political goals above the public good.

She charged that instead of preparing Canada’s finances to withstand the potentially crushing impact of 25 per cent import tariffs threatened by Trump, Trudeau was focused on costly vote-buying gimmicks, like a Christmas tax holiday.

While threatening tariffs, Trump has called Trudeau the “governor” of what he described as the US state of Canada, and mused about annexing the vast country.

Freeland’s resignation seemed to break a dam of Liberal party dissent.

On Monday Trudeau said he would resign as prime minister as soon as a new Liberal leader is chosen, a process that could take months.

“I intend to resign as party leader, as prime minister, after the party selects its next leader,” Trudeau told reporters in Ottawa.

He conceded that he was not the best candidate to lead the Liberals into an election that must be held this year.

“This country deserves a real choice in the next election, and it has become clear to me that if I’m having to fight internal battles, I cannot be the best option in that election,” he said, adding that the Liberal leadership race will be “a robust, nationwide competitive process”.

That means Trudeau will continue to lead Canada when Trump takes office this month and will be tasked with leading the country’s initial response to the new US Administration, including a possible trade war.

Trump has vowed to impose 25 per cent tariffs on all Canadian imports, which could prove devastating to the Canadian economy, and Trudeau has pledged to retaliate.

Canadian media have tipped Freeland as a possible contender to take over the Liberal Party along with the former Bank of England governor Mark Carney, a Canadian who also previously led the Bank of Canada.

Several others are expected to join the race.

Lori Turnbull, a political science professor at Dalhousie University, said traditionally a Liberal leadership race would take four to six months but this time “they’ve got to be quicker than that”.

Conservative party leader Pierre Poilievre indicated he was ready to take on whoever the Liberals put forward.

“Every Liberal MP and leadership contender supported EVERYTHING Trudeau did for 9 years, and now they want to trick voters by swapping in another Liberal face to keep ripping off Canadians for another 4 years,” he posted on X after Trudeau’s announcement.

For Stephanie Chouinard, a political science professor at Queen’s University, the Trudeau era should not be dismissed as a failure.

She highlighted his social programmes, which included a national plan to make early childhood care cheaper.

“It was a progressive Government unlike anything we have seen since the 70s,” she said.

Trudeau’s Government narrowly survived three non-confidence votes brought by the Conservative party in Parliament late last year.

His minority Government had been held up by a deal with the left-wing New Democratic Party (NDP) but in December the NDP said they would vote to topple Trudeau at the next opportunity.

Trudeau confirmed that he had received permission from Canada’s governor general to suspend all parliamentary business until March 24.

That could give the Liberals time to choose a new leader while restricting the Opposition chances to bring a vote of non-confidence.